Le coin des amatheurs de sciences version 2 
The sections of the site : The site 
FORUM The space The genetics Medicine Physics Tintin and science Ecology - Nuclear energy Mysteries of the history Humour Diverse
Le coin des amatheurs de sciences version 2
The sections of the site : The site FORUM The space The genetics Medicine Physics Tintin and science Ecology - Nuclear energy Mysteries of the history Humour Diverse
To understand this page, you should firstly read : Bases of the genetics, The synthesis of proteins.
All our cells contain the same genetic program, that of the egg-cell resulting from the fusion of a spermatozoon and an ovule. How the cells can keep same information when they divide ?
For the knowledge, it is initially necessary to study how the cells divide, and how genetic information is transmitted.
The replication of the DNA
This mechanism is very simple, and is authorized by the complementarity of the nitrogenized bases. A molecule of DNA is retorted as follows : The two bits are drawn aside by a rupture of the connections between nitrogenized bases. Then nucleotides are set up in front of those of the DNA, by respecting the complementarity, and one finds two molecules of DNA identical to old.
The mitosis
On the level of the cell, there are four phases. However, the mitosis (i.e. the mechanism of unfolding of the cells) is a continuous phenomenon, and the 4 phases are arbitrarily defined.
The prophase
The genetic material of the cell condenses, forming short and thick sticks : chromosomes. This condensation makes it possible the chromosomes to be disentangled to separate more easily. The envelope of the core disappears and one sees appearing a fibre spindle.
The metaphase
The chromosomes gather, their centromeres being placed in the équatorrial plan of the spindle
The anaphase
The centromeres are divided into two and the chromatides of each chromosome separate then migrate towards the poles of the spindle. Thanks to the replication of the DNA, both chromatides of a chromosome is identical. Thus, the two batches formed during the anaphase are identical.
The telophase
The chromosomes gather with the poles and are uncondensed. ,The spindle disappears and of the nuclear envelopes reform each side. The cytoplasm is divided into two, the cells separate.